1940年5月,丘吉尔在内阁的一片混乱中接任首相不久,40万英法联军被困于敦刻尔克,其中30万是英国的全部精锐部队。如果联军不能逃脱德国的包围,便意味着英国失去了所有的战斗力,很可能面临被攻占的命运。在此之前,盟国已经接二连三地告败或投降,欧洲大陆陷入一片黑暗。在德国强大的军事实力与沦陷的恐惧面前,英国内阁中的绥靖派再一次占据了上风,而从上台之初便坚定不移地主张一战到底的丘吉尔陷入了困境。
在这个时候,被丘吉尔逼上王位的乔治六世适时出现了,他让丘吉尔到民众间去,听听他们的声音。被丘吉尔的演讲一次次地激励,逐渐燃烧起斗志的英国人表现出抵抗到底的坚决意志。“决不投降!决不!”“让我们的鲜血染红街道,否则我们就要看到纳粹的旗帜飘扬在白金汉宫,温莎城堡,还有我们的议会大厦上!”“去直面强敌,并力战而亡。”
曾经,丘吉尔坚定的声音如暗夜海面上的灯塔一般,执着地不肯熄灭,温暖了陷入焦灼与贫困的人们的心;现在,他们将这份力量再度传达给这位在内忧外患下心力交瘁的老人。
丘吉尔将民意带到了议会,在一片掌声中获得了下议院的全力支持,击退了绥靖派。最终,这个出身卑微、政绩不佳的老人在65岁时踏上历史舞台的中心,凭借着坚定的正义原则与钢铁般的意志带领英国取得了二战的胜利,成为几个世纪以来英国人心目中最伟大的人。
正如同时间试炼人们的心灵与灵魂,历史常常重复黑暗与痛苦,在沉浮中检阅民族的品格。然而,上帝不肯令苦难超出人的负载,有罪恶滔天,便也有伟人如光芒闪烁,纵然国难如烈火蔓延,坚强的国民仍将得以守护他们的土地与信仰。
我几度热泪盈眶,因为人类的价值准则是普世的。虽然我们中的大多数不能如丘吉尔般如巨塔照亮一个国度,但是在艰难之中,若能持有信念,你便也是黑夜中的点点荧光,可照亮自己的内心。
历史上,丘吉尔用三场主要的演讲将在绥靖中萎靡涣散的人心凝聚起来。加里·奥德曼(Gary Oldman)的演绎激情澎湃,铿锵有力,足可令心灵与语言一起燃烧起来。我摘录了其中的两段与大家分享,中英文都是上乘文字。
(一)
We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many long months of struggle and of suffering. You ask, “what is our policy?” I say it is to wage war by sea, land and air, with all our might, and with all the strength that God can give us, to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. Oh, you ask, uh, “what is our aim?” I can answer in one word, victory. Victory at all cost. Victory in spite of terror. Victory however long and hard the road may be. For without victory, there can be no survival.
摆在我们面前的事一项最为痛苦的严峻考验。我们经历过许多、许多漫长的斗争和艰难的岁月。你们会问,采取什么政策?我的回答是:尽全力,在陆上、海上、空中作战,用上帝赐予我们的全部力量对人类黑暗、可悲的罪恶史上空前凶残的暴政开战。这就是我们的政策。你们会问,我们的目标是什么?我用一个词来答复你:胜利。不惜一切去争取胜利。无论经历多么恐怖的考验,也要争取胜利。无论前方的道路多么遥远艰难,也要争取胜利。因为没有胜利,就无法生存。
(二)
Turning once again to the question of invasion, I would observe that there has never been a period in all these long centuries of which we boast, when an absolute guarantee against invasion could have been given to our people. But I have myself full confidence that if all do their duty, if nothing is neglected and the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once more able to defend our island home, to ride out the stormed war and to outlive the menace of tyranny. If need, for years, if necessary, alone. At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do.
现在我要再谈一谈侵略的问题。我发觉在漫长的历史中,我们有几个世纪从来就没有抵抗侵略这件事。我们要向人民作出绝对的保证,我们会抵抗侵略。但我本人有充分的信心,要是所有人都忠于职守,不出任何纰漏,事事都像现在这样,经过周密的安排,那么我们会再一次证明我们能够保卫祖国,挺过战争的风暴,战胜暴政的威胁。如果必要的话,持久抗战;如果必要的话,孤军奋战。无论如何我们都会这样,不遗余力地战斗。
Even though large tracts of Europe have fallen or may fall into grip of the Gestapo and all the obvious apparatus of the Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end! We shall fight in France. We shall fight on the seas and the oceans. We shall fight with growing confidence and growing strengths in the air. We shall defend our island whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches. We shall fight on the landing grounds. We shall fight in the fields and in the streets. We shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender!
尽管欧洲的大片土地已经陷入或者可能陷入盖世太保和可恶的纳粹傀儡的手中,但是我们绝不认输。我们要坚持到底!我们将在法国作战,我们将在海上和大洋中作战。我们将具有愈来愈大的信心和愈来愈强的力量在空中作战,我们将不惜一切代价保卫我们的岛屿。我们将在海滩上作战。我们将在敌人登陆的地点作战。我们将在田野和接头作战。我们将在山区作战。我们决不投降!
And if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British fleet would carry on the struggle. Until, in God’s good time, the new world, with all its power and might, steps for the rescue and the liberation of the old!
即使英伦诸岛或大部分岛屿被征服导致饥荒,我丝毫不相信会出现这种情况,但即使那样,我们也还有海外属地,大英帝国的舰队武装和保卫的属地将继续战斗!新世界会以其力量挺身而出,拯救并解放旧世界!