1. 2013/5/11
time-in 个人理解为自省时间
Replay（重放、思考） might constitute a general mechanism of learning and memory. Both learning, understanding, as well as memory, retention.
When we reflect, when we replay the material, we are much more likely to retain, to remember what we have just been through.
思考对于学习和记忆的作用很大。
基本上可以说积极心理学是人本主义心理学的产物和衍生。
Humanistic psychology 人本主义心理学
（算是对当时各种心理学派系的不同意见）
人本主义心理学兴起于20世纪五、六十年代的美国。由马斯洛创立，以罗哲斯为代表，被称为除行为学派（行为主义behaviorism）和精神分析（psychoanalysis）以外，心理学上的“第三势力(the third force)”。
人本主义和其他学派最大的不同是特别强调人的正面本质和价值，而并非集中研究人的问题行为，并强调人的成长和发展，称为自我实现。
- 摘自wiki
- 与行为主义的比较
Behaviorism looks at the human entity, at the person as basically a collection of behaviors as a box. Like a billard ball knocked around by reinforcements, by punishment, by reward.
And what humanistic psychology said was that we are much more than a billiard ball being knocked around. We have spirit, we have a soul. We have cognitions and thoughts that matter.
It’s not just behavior that is important for understanding as well as improving life.
- 与精神分析学的比较
The psychoanalysis is about basically understanding mostly through the subconscious(潜意识): that’s how you understand it; that’s how you improve the quality of life. （如防卫机制、人类本能论、神经官能症）
Humanistic think it’s much more than biological instincts, much more than neurosis, much more than the person who exists in a Newtonian reality like a billiard ball.
We need to value much more the human being. We need to give much more dignity and freedom to the person.
But there was a problem.
The problem was humanistic psychology is said lacked the rigorous methodology.
Aaron Antonovsky提出了关注健康的理念。1970年代，他引进了一个新的概念，称之为salutogenesis（saluto-health, geneis-origin, 即健康的起源）
Information
Transformation
It's not just the information that goes in, it's also the shape, the interpretation, the perception, the focus.
重要的不仅仅是获得了什么信息（information）
还有如何解读，如何理解以及关注的重点（shape）
同样的信息，不同的解读方式
disaster or opportunity?
What is wrong is not the great discoveries of science. Information is always better than ignorance. No matter what information or what ignorance. What is wrong is the belief behind the information, the belief that information will change the world. It won't.
——Archibald MacLeish
Humanistic philosophy offers a new conception of learning, of teaching, and of education. Stated simply, such a concept holds that the function of education, the goal of education, the human goal, the humanistic goal, the goal so far as human beings are concerned, is ultimately the "self-actualization" of a person, the becoming fully human, the development of the fullest height that the human species can stand up to or that the particular individual can come to. In a less technical way, it is helping the person to become the best that he is able to become.
——Abraham Maslow
ABC Affect Behavior Cognition
The biggest mistake is not asking the right question.
积极心理学相关教材推荐Shane J.Lopez和Chris Peterson的
2. 2013/5/12
Identify the thing fit for you.
Ask the right question.
Resilience
These kids were optimistic, not optimistic in the detached Pollyannish sense, optimistic in that they believe in things that would work out well.
They were optimistic in the sense of thinking, “well, it may not work well this time, it will work out later. I have learned from what had just happened.”
They had faith and sense of meaning in life. Sometimes it was religious faith, not always. It was doing something that they really believed in. Many of them were idealistic.
To be idealistic is to be realistic.
These kids experienced sense of meaning.
适应力，弹力［Resilience］
重点是：
a. 认清自己的长处
b. 为自己设立目标，设一个榜样
c. 不单干
问题很重要。问对问题很重要。
你问的问题让你关注现实的某一部分，你的问题制造了一种特定的现实，它并不是全面的。
人们经常问的是“我的弱点是什么？我要改善什么？”通常排除了“我的长处是什么？我擅长于什么？”。那么我们能看到的就只有自己的缺点和不足。在我们看来，好的东西——我们的长处、热情、美德，我们身上的美好事物并不存在。
一个主要关心缺点的人，看不到、也不欣赏他们的长处、热情、美德，一个这样的人会有很高的自尊心，自信心和很多的快乐吗？
我们需要问积极的问题，否则他们被视为不存在，即使它们就在那里。
问题缔造现实，我们所问的问题通常决定了我们所追求的东西，我们会走的道路，我们会过的生活。
It is important to appreciate what is good.
When we appreciate the good, the good appreciates—the good grows.
When we don’t appreciate the good, when we take it for granted, the good depreciates.
We see what we look for and we miss much of what we are not looking for even though it is there.
我们寻找什么就会看到什么，我们没有寻找的则会被我们所忽视，即使它就在那里。
Our experience of the world is heavily influenced by where we place our attention.
我们的阅历被我们的关注点深深地影响了。
Stavros and Torres
Question very often create reality.
The first important thing to understand about questions is that we need to understand the questions.
关于“问题”这个话题，最首先需要知道的事情在于我们需要理解问题。
Marva Collins “Positive Learning” 积极学习法
I think I did pretty wonderful. I think I’m bright. I think I am unique. And I’ll teach every child of me to think that. When they misbehave, their punishment is they have to write 100 reasons why they are too wonderful to do what they are doing. And they have to be alpha order. I am adorable. I am beautiful. I am courageous. I give them the first ones until they get the hang out of it. I am delightful. I am effervescent. I am fabulous. I am heavenly. I am idolized. I am just wonderful. I am a kindred spirit. I am lovable. I am momentous. I am never, never under line. And it goes on to z. And if they do it again, then they have to use another synonym. They can’t use adorable any more. Now the children will say to a new student, I don’t know why you don’t behave, because I’m tired of telling Ms. Collins how wonderful I am.
我想我做得很好。我想我很聪明，我很特别。我会教每个孩子这样想。当他们不守规矩的时候，他们的惩罚就是要写100个原因说明为什么他们棒到要做那样的事情，而且它们要按字母顺序写。我很可爱，我很漂亮，我很勇敢。我给他们例子直到他们明白。我令人快乐，我很热情，我很厉害，我很棒，我是榜样，我无与伦比，我们意气相投，我很可爱，我很重要，我从不调皮。一直写到最后一个字母。如果他们再犯，他们必须要用另一个同义词。他们不能再用可爱了。现在孩子们会对新学生说，不知道为啥你不守规矩，反正我是厌倦了告诉Collins小姐我有多棒了。
We need to stop asking whether or not a student is smart. What we need to ask is what is the student smart at, strong at, virtuous at, good at, then we appreciate it. And when we appreciate it, it and the whole person appreciates.
遭遇了什么，从正面的、积极的方向去考虑它，行动，行动会增加我们的自信，结果是更多的希望和乐观。希望和乐观会变成自我应验预言。
